ubwoko bushingiye kubitera: Icya mbere, gukomeretsa imashini - gushushanya cyangwa guturika biterwa n'imashini, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibihangano;Icya kabiri, gutwika;Icya gatatu, gukomeretsa amashanyarazi.
Duhereye ku ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano no kurengera umurimo, ibiranga amahugurwa yo guhimba ni:
1.Kubyaza umusaruro bikorwa muburyo bwicyuma gishyushye (nkicyuma gike cya karubone gishyuha ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 1250 ~ 750 ℃), kandi kubera imirimo myinshi yintoki, uburangare buke bushobora gutera inkongi.
2.Itanura ryo gushyushya hamwe nibyuma bishyushye, ibyuma, hamwe no kwibagirwa mumahugurwa yo guhimba bikomeza gusohora ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimirasire (kwibagirwa biracyafite ubushyuhe buringaniye buringaniye burangije kwibeshya), kandi abakozi bakunze kwibasirwa nimirasire yumuriro. .
3.Umwotsi n'umukungugu biva mu itanura rishyushya mu mahugurwa yo guhimba mugihe cyo gutwika bisohoka mu kirere cy’amahugurwa, bitagira ingaruka ku isuku gusa ahubwo binagabanya kugaragara mu mahugurwa (cyane cyane gushyushya itanura ryaka ibicanwa bikomeye), kandi irashobora no guteza impanuka zijyanye nakazi.
4.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muguhimba umusaruro, nk'inyundo zo mu kirere, inyundo zo mu kirere, imashini zikurura, n'ibindi, zisohora imbaraga mu gihe cyo gukora.Iyo ibikoresho bikorewe imitwaro nk'iyi, birashobora kwangirika gitunguranye (nko kuvunika gutunguranye kw'inkoni ya piston ya nyundo), bikaviramo impanuka zikomeye.
Imashini zikanda (nka progaramu ya hydraulic, crank hot die apinga imashini, imashini zihimbye, imashini isobanutse), imashini zogosha, nibindi, zishobora kugira ingaruka nke mugihe gikora, ariko kwangirika kwibikoresho bitunguranye nibindi bihe nabyo birashobora kubaho.Abakoresha akenshi bafatwa nabi kandi birashobora no gukurura impanuka ziterwa nakazi.
5.Ibikoresho byo guhimba bikoresha imbaraga zitari nke mugihe cyo gukora, nk'imashini ya crank, imashini ziciriritse, hamwe na hydraulic.Nubwo akazi kabo gahagaze neza, imbaraga zashyizwe mubikorwa byazo ni ingirakamaro, nka toni 12000 yo guhimba hydraulic imashini yakozwe kandi ikoreshwa mubushinwa.Imbaraga zitangwa nigitangazamakuru gisanzwe 100-150t kimaze kuba kinini bihagije.Niba hari ikosa rito mugushiraho cyangwa gukora mubibumbano, imbaraga nyinshi ntabwo zikora kumurimo wakazi, ahubwo nibigize ibice, igikoresho, cyangwa ibikoresho ubwabyo.Muri ubu buryo, amakosa yo kwishyiriraho no guhindura cyangwa imikorere idakwiye irashobora kwangiza ibice byimashini nibindi bikoresho bikomeye cyangwa impanuka bwite.
6.Hariho ibikoresho bitandukanye nibikoresho byunganira abakozi bahimba, cyane cyane guhimba intoki nibikoresho byo guhimba kubuntu, clamp, nibindi, byose bishyirwa hamwe kumurimo.Mu kazi, gusimbuza ibikoresho ni kenshi cyane kandi ububiko bukunze kuba akajagari, byanze bikunze byongera ingorane zo kugenzura ibyo bikoresho.Iyo igikoresho runaka gikenewe muguhimba kandi akenshi ntigishobora kuboneka vuba, ibikoresho bisa rimwe na rimwe "improvised", akenshi biganisha ku mpanuka ziterwa nakazi.
7.Kubera urusaku no kunyeganyega biterwa nibikoresho biri mumahugurwa yo guhimba mugihe cyo gukora, aho bakorera haba urusaku rwinshi, bigira ingaruka kumyumvire yabantu no mumitsi, bikurangaza ibitekerezo, bityo bikongerera impanuka.
Abakiriya bagomba guhitamo imishinga yibanda kumusaruro wumutekano.Izi nganda zigomba kugira uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga umutekano, guhugura abakozi, hamwe n’ingamba zo kongera ubumenyi, no gufata ingamba zikenewe z’umutekano n’ingamba zo kurinda umutekano w’abakozi mu gihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-13-2023
