Kugirango utange ibikoresho byibyuma hamwe nibikoresho bisabwa bya mehaniki, umubiri, na chimique, usibye guhitamo neza ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe akenshi ni ngombwa. Ibyuma nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubukanishi, hamwe na microstructure igoye ishobora kugenzurwa no kuvura ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma nibintu byingenzi bivura ubushyuhe.
Byongeye kandi, aluminium, umuringa, magnesium, titanium hamwe na alloys birashobora kandi guhindura imiterere yubukanishi, umubiri nubumara binyuze mumiti yubushyuhe kugirango babone imikorere itandukanye.
Kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange ntabwo bihindura imiterere nuburinganire bwimiti yibikorwa, ahubwo itanga cyangwa igateza imbere imikorere yayo ihindura microstructure imbere yakazi cyangwa guhindura imiterere yimiti hejuru yakazi. Ikiranga ni ukunoza ubwiza bwimikorere yibikorwa, mubisanzwe bitagaragara kumaso.
Igikorwa cyo kuvura ubushyuhe nugutezimbere imiterere yibikoresho, gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye, no kuzamura imashini zibyuma. Ukurikije intego zitandukanye zo kuvura ubushyuhe, inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: kuvura ubushyuhe bwambere no kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma.
1.Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwambere nugutezimbere imikorere yo gutunganya, gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere, no gutegura imiterere myiza yicyuma cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma. Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe burimo annealing, bisanzwe, gusaza, kuzimya no kurakara, nibindi.
l Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mubutaka bwakorewe ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nibyuma birimo karubone irenga 0.5% akenshi bifatanyirizwa hamwe kugirango bigabanye ubukana bwabo kandi byoroshye gukata; Ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nicyuma kivanze hamwe na karubone iri munsi ya 0.5% bivurwa nibisanzwe kugirango birinde ibikoresho bifata mugihe cyo gukata kubera ubukana buke. Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe birashobora kunonosora ingano no kugera kuri microstructure imwe, kwitegura kuvura ubushyuhe buzaza. Annealing hamwe nibisanzwe akenshi bitunganijwe nyuma yo gutunganya bikabije na mbere yo gutunganya bikabije.
l Kuvura igihe bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukuraho imihangayiko yimbere iterwa no gukora ubusa no gutunganya imashini. Kugirango wirinde akazi kenshi ko gutwara, kubice bifite ubusobanuro rusange, kuvura igihe birashobora gutegurwa mbere yo gutunganya neza. Ariko, kubice bifite ibyangombwa bisobanutse neza (nko gufunga imashini irambirana), inzira ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zo kuvura zishaje zigomba gutegurwa. Ibice byoroshye mubisanzwe ntibisaba kuvurwa gusaza. Usibye gukina, kubice bimwe na bimwe byuzuye bidakomeye (nk'imigozi iboneye), uburyo bwinshi bwo gusaza butegurwa hagati yimashini ikarishye hamwe nogukora igice cya tekinike kugirango ikureho imihangayiko yimbere iterwa mugihe cyo gutunganya no gushimangira neza imikorere yibice. Ibice bimwe bya shaft bisaba igihe cyo kuvurwa nyuma yuburyo bugororotse.
Kuzimya no gutwarwa bivuga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kuvura nyuma yo kuzimya, bushobora kubona imiterere ya martensite imwe kandi nziza, yitegura kugabanya ihindagurika mugihe cyo kuzimya hejuru no kuvura nitride mugihe kizaza. Kubwibyo, kuzimya no kurakara birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumuti utegura ubushyuhe. Bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwubukanishi bwibice byazimye kandi bifite ubushyuhe, ibice bimwe bifite ibisabwa bike kugirango bikomere kandi birwanya kwambara nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
2.Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma ni ugutezimbere imiterere yubukanishi nko gukomera, kwambara, nimbaraga.
Kuzimya birimo kuzimya hejuru no kuzimya byinshi. Kuzimya hejuru bikoreshwa cyane kubera guhindagurika kwayo, okiside, na decarburisation, kandi ifite kandi ibyiza byimbaraga zo hanze kandi birwanya kwambara neza, mugihe bikomeje gukomera no kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye imbere. Kugirango utezimbere imiterere yubukanishi bwibice byazimye, akenshi birakenewe gukora ubushyuhe nko kuzimya no kurakara cyangwa kubisanzwe nkubuvuzi bwambere. Inzira rusange yinzira ni: gukata - guhimba - gukora bisanzwe (annealing) - gutunganya imashini - kuzimya no gutuza - gutunganya igice cyuzuye - kuzimya hejuru - gutunganya neza.
Kuzimya Carburizing bikwiranye nicyuma gito cya karubone nicyuma gito. Ubwa mbere, ibirimo bya karubone byubuso bwigice byiyongereye, kandi nyuma yo kuzimya, urwego rwo hejuru rugira ubukana bwinshi, mugihe intangiriro ikomeza imbaraga runaka, ubukana bukabije, hamwe na plastike. Carbonisation irashobora kugabanwa muri carburizing muri rusange hamwe na carburizing yaho. Mugihe igice cya carburizing, ingamba zo kurwanya seepage (gufata umuringa cyangwa gusiga ibikoresho birwanya seepage) bigomba gufatwa kubice bitarimo karubasi. Bitewe na deforme nini iterwa na carburizing no kuzimya, hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa carburizing muri rusange kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza kuri 2mm, inzira ya carburizing muri rusange itunganijwe hagati yimashini isobanutse neza no gutunganya neza. Inzira rusange yinzira ni: gukata forging isanzwe itunganijwe neza na kimwe cya kabiri cyogukora carburizing kuzimya neza. Iyo igice kitarimo karibasi cyibice bya karubasi byafashe ingamba zo kongera amafaranga no guca hejuru ya karubisi irenze, inzira yo guca karubasi irenze urugero igomba gutegurwa nyuma ya carburizasi na mbere yo kuzimya.
Ubuvuzi bwa Nitriding nuburyo bwo kuvura butuma atome ya azote yinjira mu cyuma kugirango ibone urwego rwibintu birimo azote. Igice cya nitriding kirashobora kunoza ubukana, kwambara, imbaraga zumunaniro, hamwe no kwangirika kwubuso bwibice. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke bwo kuvura nitride, guhindura ibintu bito, hamwe na nitriding yoroheje (muri rusange ntibirenza 0,6 ~ 0,7mm), inzira ya nitriding igomba gutegurwa bitinze bishoboka. Kugabanya guhindagurika mugihe cya nitriding, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kugabanya ibibazo birasabwa nyuma yo gukata.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-24-2024
