Ingaruka yibirimo bya karubone muguhimba gusudira

Ibirimo bya karubone mu byuma ni kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gusudira kw'ibikoresho byo guhimba. Ibyuma, uruvange rwicyuma na karubone, birashobora kugira urwego rutandukanye rwa karubone, bigira ingaruka muburyo bwimikorere, harimo imbaraga, ubukana, hamwe no guhindagurika. Kubyibagirwa gusudira, gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yibirimo bya karubone nigikorwa cyo gusudira ningirakamaro kugirango habeho ubusugire nubwiza bwingingo zasuditswe.

Ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, mubisanzwe birimo karuboni iri munsi ya 0,30%, nibikoresho byo gusudira cyane. Ibyuma byerekana guhindagurika no guhindagurika, bigatuma biba byiza muburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira. Ibiri munsi ya karubone bigabanya ibyago byo guturika muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) mugihe na nyuma yo gusudira. Ibi biterwa nuko urugero rwa karubone nkeya itera gukomera gukomeye, bivuze ko ibikoresho bidashoboka gukora microstructures zoroshye nka martensite, zishobora kuba ikibazo mubice byasuditswe. Kubwibyo, kwibagirwa birimo karubone nkeya bikunda kugira ibibazo bike bijyanye no guturika cyangwa kugoreka mugihe cyo gusudira.

Ibinyuranye, uko karubone yiyongera, gusudira ibyuma biragabanuka. Icyuma giciriritse-karubone, hamwe na karubone iri hagati ya 0,30% na 0,60%, itanga imbaraga nubukomezi ugereranije nicyuma gito cya karubone ariko ikazana ibyago byinshi mugihe cyo gusudira. Ibirungo byinshi bya karubone biganisha ku gukomera gukomeye, ibyo bikaba byongera amahirwe yo gukora imiterere ya martensitike muri HAZ. Izi microstructures zirakomeye kandi ziravunika, bizamura amahirwe yo guturika, cyane cyane mukibazo cyangwa ingaruka. Ubwitonzi budasanzwe, nko gushyushya no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, akenshi birasabwa mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bya karubone buciriritse kugirango wirinde ibyo bibazo.

Ibyuma bya karubone nyinshi, birimo karuboni zirenga 0,60%, bitera ibibazo bikomeye byo gusudira. Ibirimo byinshi bya karubone byongera cyane ubukana bwicyuma nubukonje, bigatuma bikunda gucika mugihe cyo gusudira. Rimwe na rimwe, ibyuma byinshi bya karubone birashobora gusaba ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gusudira cyangwa ntibishobora kuba byiza gusudira na gato nta gihindutse cyane mubikorwa. Gushyushya, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa interpass, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde kunanirwa gukabije mu kwibagirwa ibyuma bya karuboni nyinshi.

Muri make, karubone yibyuma bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo intsinzi yo gusudira mubice byahimbwe. Ibyuma bya karubone nkeya nibyo gusudira cyane, mugihe ibyuma biciriritse na karubone bisaba kugenzura neza ibipimo byo gusudira kugirango wirinde inenge nko guturika. Gusobanukirwa ibirimo karubone no guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane igihe kirekire no gukora kwibagirwa gusudira mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.