Ubushyuhe bukabije mugihe cyo guhimba no gutunganya kwibagirwa

Bitewe no kuba hari ubushyuhe bukabije mugihe cyo guhimba no gutunganya kwibagirwa, ubushyuhe bwo kuboneka burahari. Kugirango wirinde ubukana kwiyongera mugihe cy'ubushyuhe, birakenewe kwirinda ibi bipimo byubushyuhe bubiri, bigatuma bigorana guhindura imiterere yubukanishi. Ubwoko bwa mbere bwuburakari. Ubwoko bwa mbere bwubushuhe bubaho mugihe cyubushyuhe buri hagati ya 200 na 350 also bizwi kandi nkubushyuhe buke bwo hasi. Niba ubwoko bwa mbere bwubushuhe bubaye hanyuma bugashyuha kugirango ubushyuhe burenze urugero, ubushyuhe burashobora kuvaho kandi ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kongera kwiyongera. Kuri iyi ngingo, niba ihindagurika mubushyuhe bwa 200-350 ℃, ubu bugome ntibuzongera kubaho. Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko ubwoko bwambere bwuburakari budasubirwaho, kubwibyo bizwi kandi nkubushyuhe budasubirwaho. Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwuburakari. Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga uburakari mu bwoko bwa kabiri bwibikoresho byahimbwe ni uko, usibye gutera ubukana mugihe cyo gukonja gahoro mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 450 na 650 ℃, buhoro buhoro unyura mukarere kateye imbere hagati ya 450 na 650 ℃ nyuma yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora nanone bitera ubugome. Niba gukonjesha byihuse kunyura muri zone yiterambere nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ntabwo bizatera embrittlement. Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwuburakari burahinduka, kubwibyo bizwi kandi nkubushuhe bukabije. Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwo kurakara ibintu biragoye cyane, kandi kugerageza gusobanura ibyabaye byose hamwe nigitekerezo kimwe biragaragara ko bigoye cyane, kuko hashobora kubaho impamvu zirenze imwe zo kwishongora. Ariko ikintu kimwe ntakekeranywa, uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubwoko bwa kabiri bwuburakari byanze bikunze inzira isubira inyuma iboneka kumupaka wingano kandi ikagenzurwa no gukwirakwizwa, ishobora kugabanya imipaka yingano kandi ntaho ihuriye na martensite na austenite isigaye. Birasa nkaho hari ibintu bibiri gusa bishoboka kuriyi nzira isubirwamo, aribyo gutandukanya no kuzimira kwa atome yumuti ku mbibi z’ingano, no kugwa no gusesa ibice byacitse ku mbibi z’ingano.

Intego yo kugabanya ibyuma nyuma yo kuzimya mugihe cyo guhimba no gutunganya kwibagirwa ni: 1. Kugabanya ubukana, gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere. Nyuma yo kuzimya, ibice byibyuma bifite imihangayiko yimbere nuburiganya, kandi kunanirwa kurakara mugihe gikwiye akenshi bitera guhinduka cyangwa no gucamo ibice byibyuma. 2. Shakisha ibikoresho bya mehaniki bisabwa byakazi. Nyuma yo kuzimya, igihangano cyakazi gifite ubukana bwinshi nubugome bukabije. Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye byimikorere yibikorwa bitandukanye, ubukana burashobora guhinduka binyuze mubushyuhe bukwiye kugirango ugabanye ubukana kandi ubone ubukana bukenewe hamwe na plastike. 3. Hindura ingano yakazi. 4. Kubyuma bimwebimwe bivangavanze bigoye koroshya nyuma yo gufatana, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burakoreshwa kenshi nyuma yo kuzimya (cyangwa bisanzwe) kugirango bikusanyirize hamwe karbide mubyuma, kugabanya ubukana, no koroshya gutunganya.

Iyo uhimbye kwibagirwa, uburakari bukabije nikibazo gikwiye kwitonderwa. Igabanya urugero rwubushyuhe burahari, nkubushyuhe buganisha ku kwiyongera kwubugingo bugomba kwirindwa mugihe cyubushyuhe. Ibi bitera ingorane muguhindura imiterere yubukanishi.

Ubwoko bwa mbere bwubushuhe buboneka cyane hagati ya 200-350 ℃, bizwi kandi nkubushyuhe buke bwubushyuhe. Ubu bugome ntibusubirwaho. Iyo bimaze kubaho, gushyushya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ubushyuhe burashobora gukuraho ubukana kandi bikongera ingaruka zikomeye. Nyamara, ubushyuhe buri hagati yubushyuhe bwa 200-350 ℃ bizongera gutera ubu buriganya. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwambere bwuburakari bukabije ntibusubirwaho.

Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ubwoko bwa kabiri bwubushyuhe ni uko gukonja gahoro mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 450 na 650 ℃ bishobora gutera ubukana, mugihe buhoro buhoro unyura mukarere kateye imbere hagati ya 450 na 650 ℃ nyuma yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabyo bishobora gutera ubukana. Ariko niba gukonjesha byihuse kunyura muri zone yiterambere nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubukana ntibuzabaho. Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwubushyuhe burahinduka, kandi mugihe ubukana bubuze hanyuma bugashyuha kandi bukonjeshwa buhoro buhoro, ubugome buzagaruka. Iyi nzira yo gukuramo igenzurwa no gukwirakwizwa kandi iboneka kumupaka wingano, ntabwo ifitanye isano itaziguye na martensite na austenite isigaye.

Muncamake, hariho intego nyinshi zo kugabanya ibyuma nyuma yo kuzimya mugihe cyo guhimba no gutunganya kwibagirwa: kugabanya ubukana, gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere, kubona ibikoresho byubukanishi busabwa, guhagarika ingano yimirimo, no guhuza ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bivangavanze bigoye koroshya mugihe cyo gufunga gukata binyuze mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Kubwibyo, muburyo bwo guhimba, birakenewe ko dusuzuma byimazeyo ingaruka zubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hanyuma ugahitamo ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bukwiye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya kugirango uhuze ibisabwa nibice, kugirango ugere kubintu byiza byubukanishi no gutuza.