Muri metallurgie, haba gushyuha no gutwika ni amagambo asanzwe ajyanye no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma, cyane cyane mubikorwa nko guhimba, guta, no kuvura ubushyuhe. Nubwo bikunze kwitiranya ibintu, ibi bintu bivuga ibyiciro bitandukanye byangiza ubushyuhe kandi bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kubutare. Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yubushyuhe bukabije no gutwikwa, hakurikiraho gushakisha itandukaniro ryabo ryingenzi.
Ubushyuhe bukabije:Ubushyuhe bukabije bivuga uburyo icyuma gishyuha kirenze ubushyuhe bwateganijwe, biganisha ku ngano nini. Mu byuma bya karubone (hypoeutectoid na hypereutectoid), ubushyuhe bukabije burangwa no gushinga Widmanstätten. Kubikoresho byibyuma hamwe nibyuma-binini cyane, ubushyuhe burenze urugero nkimfuruka ya karbide yibanze. Mu byuma bimwe bivanze, ubushyuhe burashobora kandi gutuma imvura igwa kumupaka wimbuto. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bihangayikishijwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije ni uko ibinyampeke bivamo bishobora guhungabanya imiterere ya mashini y'icyuma, bigatuma idahinduka kandi ikavunika. Nyamara, mubihe byinshi, ibyangiritse biterwa nubushyuhe burashobora kugabanuka cyangwa no guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
Kurenza urugero:Kurenza urugero ni ibintu bikomeye cyane ugereranije n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Bibaho iyo icyuma gihuye nubushyuhe burenze aho gishonga, bigatuma ibintu byangirika birenze gusanwa. Mu byuma byahiye cyane, ibice birashobora gushiramo imbaraga nkeya mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu. Kurugero, mugihe icyuma cyatwitse gikubiswe mugihe kibabaje, kiravunika byoroshye, kandi mugihe cyo kurambura, ibice bishobora guhinduka. Ahantu hacanye haratandukanijwe nintete zinini cyane, kandi ibice byavunitse akenshi byerekana ibara ryerurutse-ubururu. Muri aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu, gutwika cyane bituma ubuso bwijimye, akenshi bukora ibara ry'umukara cyangwa umukara wijimye wijimye kandi ugaragara neza. Gukura cyane byerekana ko gutwika bisanzwe bifitanye isano na okiside no gushonga kumupaka wingano. Mu bihe bikomeye, isukari irashobora kugaragara kumupaka wingano, bigatuma ibikoresho byangirika kuburyo budasubirwaho.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi:Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yubushyuhe bukabije no gutwika biri muburemere no guhoraho kwibyangiritse. Ubushyuhe bukabije butera ingano, ariko ibyuma birashobora gusubizwa uko byahoze hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibyangiritse muri rusange bigarukira gusa kumihindagurikire ya microstructure kandi ntabwo biganisha ku gutsindwa byihuse keretse niba ibikoresho byatewe nimpagarara zikabije.
Kurundi ruhande, gutwika byerekana ibintu bikomeye cyane aho ibintu byangiritse bidasubirwaho. Gushonga cyangwa okiside kumipaka yintete bivuze ko imiterere yimbere yicyuma yangiritse birenze gusanwa. Gutwika cyane bivamo ubunebwe no gucika, kandi nta mubare wo kuvura ubushyuhe bwakurikiraho ushobora kugarura ibikoresho bya mashini.
Muri make, gushyuha cyane no gutwika byombi bifitanye isano no gushyuha cyane, ariko biratandukanye mu ngaruka zabyo ku byuma. Ubushyuhe burashobora guhindurwa kenshi, mugihe gutwika bitera kwangirika bidasubirwaho, bikaviramo gutakaza cyane ubunyangamugayo bwibintu. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ni ngombwa kugirango harebwe niba ubushyuhe bukwiye bugumaho mugihe cya metallurgiki, birinda kunanirwa kwibintu no kwemeza kuramba kwicyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-08-2024
